A way to evaluate a stock’s real value by looking at a company’s business, financial health, and the economy.

It helps you tell if a stock is too cheap, too expensive, or just right based on how the business is doing.

This means ownership in a company. When you buy equity (also called shares or stocks), you're buying a small piece of that company.

It’s like owning a slice of Jollibee or SM!

This is the latest market price of a stock, or the amount it was last bought or sold for.

Just like checking the price tag before you buy something!

Market capitalization (or “market cap”) is the total value of a company’s shares. It helps you see how big or small a company is in the stock market.

Example: If a company has 1 million shares and each share is worth ₱10, its market cap is ₱10 million.

This is how much money a company makes from selling its products or services. It’s often called the “top line” because it’s the first thing you see in an income statement.

More revenue usually means the business is growing!

This is a company’s profit after all expenses have been paid—like rent, salaries, and taxes. Also known as the “bottom line.”

It tells you how much money a business really earned.

EPS tells you how much profit a company makes for each share. Higher EPS can mean the company is doing well and may be a good investment.

It’s a helpful clue for spotting strong companies.

A portion of a company’s profit shared with its investors. If you own stock in a company that gives dividends, you get a “thank you” bonus either in cash or more shares.

Think of it like a reward for being a loyal part-owner of the business.

This shows how much a company shares its profit with you as an investor. It’s the yearly dividend (your earnings) divided by the current stock price.

Think of it like getting “interest” for owning a stock.

This is the estimated worth of a company or stock. Analysts calculate this using different methods to see if a stock is overpriced or a good deal.

It’s like finding out the “true price” before you buy.

P/E tells you how much you're paying for every peso a company earns. A lower P/E might mean a better deal. A higher one could mean the stock is expensive, or expected to grow fast.

It helps you compare if a stock is “worth it” or not.

ROE tells you how well a company uses investors’ money to make a profit.

A higher ROE means the company is putting your money to good use.

This shows how much a company relies on borrowed money compared to its own funds.

More debt than equity? That could mean higher risk if times get tough.

Liquidity shows how easily you can buy or sell an investment without changing its price too much.

Think of it like selling a phone - if many people want it, it’s easy to turn into cash fast!

A market index is like a scoreboard. It tracks a group of stocks to show how a certain part of the market is doing.

Example: The Philippine Stock Exchange Index (PSEi) shows the performance of the top 30 companies in the country.